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INTRODUCTION
The FSAE
Tire Test Consortium (FSAE TTC) is a volunteer-managed organization of
Formula SAE teams who pool their financial resources to obtain high quality
tire force and moment data. The
FSAE TTC's role is to gather funds from participating FSAE teams, organize
and conduct tire force and moment tests and distribute the data to all
participating teams.
The FSAE
TTC is co-directed and managed by the following volunteers. Please be patient with us--we will
answer your email requests as we have time:
- Dr. Edward M. Kasprzak (Milliken Research
Associates, University at Buffalo, FSAE Design Judge) -- liaison
with Calspan TIRF and MRA, tire test coordinator, distribution
coordinator
- Douglas Milliken (Milliken Research Associates,
FSAE Design Judge) -- FSAE TTC treasurer, registration coordinator,
donated this web space
- Dr. Bob Woods (University of Texas Arlington, FSAE
founding member) -- general project oversight, some liaison with tire
companies
Brian
Seater (Washington State University) has recently developed a secure forum
for the open discussion of all things FSAE TTC at http://sae.wsu.edu/ttc/ Members of the FSAE TTC may
register for the forum—instructions are on the opening page of the
above link.
Denny
Trimble (University at Washington) was also a co-founder and
director. The FSAE TTC thanks Denny for his considerable
contributions and wishes him well in his current endeavors.
Additionally,
the FSAE TTC is supported by:
- Calspan Tire Research Facility (TIRF) -- Renowned tire testing facility in
Buffalo, NY where the tests have been conducted at reduced price.
- Tire companies who have donated tires for
testing: Goodyear Tire and
Rubber Company, Hoosier Racing Tire, Continental, Michelin and Dunlop.
- Wheels have been obtained from Diamond Racing
Wheels and Keizer Aluminum Wheels.
Note: The FSAE TTC is not affiliated with
Milliken Research Associates, Inc. We thank FSAE Design Judge Doug
Milliken for donating this webspace and agreeing to oversee the finances of
the Consortium.
SUMMARY
FSAE
teams join the FSAE TTC at a cost of US$500 as per the conditions
below. In return, they receive all tire data measured by the FSAE
TTC. To date, five rounds of testing have been completed and
additional tests may follow as time and finances allow.
Tire
data includes tire force/moments and spring rate info as described below,
for more technical detail please see the SAE
paper by Kasprzak and Gentz.
TEST
PROCEDURE
The
first round of testing at Calspan was conducted on 27-29
July 2005. Five constructions were tested:
- Hoosier 20x6-13 R25A
- Hoosier 20x7-13 R25A
- Hoosier 18x6-10 R25A
- Goodyear 20x6.5-13 R065
- Goodyear 20x7-13 R065
The
second round of testing at Calspan was conducted in early February
2006. Five constructions were tested:
- Goodyear 18x6.5-10
- Hoosier 20.5x7.0-13
- Hoosier 20.5x6.0-13
- Avon 7.2/20.0-13
- Avon 6.2/20.0-13
The third
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in early
August 2007. Four constructions were tested on two or three rim
widths each:
- Michelin 16/53-13 (radial, "B" compound)
- Hoosier 20.5x7-13 R25A
- Hoosier 20x7.5-13 R25A
- Goodyear D2692 20x7-13
The fourth
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in mid-October
2009. Six constructions were tested, each on two different rim
widths:
- Dunlop 175/505R13
- Goodyear 20.0x7.0-13 “D2696”
- Hoosier 20.5x6.0-13 R25B
- Hoosier 20.5x7.0-13 R25B
- Hoosier 20.0x7.5-13 R25B
- Michelin 16/53-13 “Radial X S6B”
The fifth
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in late-February
2012. Five constructions were tested, each on two different rim
widths:
- Continental 205 / 510 R13 (C11/C12)
- Goodyear D2704
20.0x7.0-13
- Hoosier 20.5 x 7.0 - 13 R25B
- Hoosier 18.0 x 6.0 - 10 R25B
- Hoosier 6.0 / 18.0 - 10 LCO
Testing
in Rounds 4 and 5 was much more extensive than in the first three rounds of
testing. A full description of
the Round 5 test plan can be found in the guide
to the Round 5 data .
FSAE TTC members can download the Round 4 & 5 data from the
secure forum http://sae.wsu.edu/ttc/ Unlike the first three rounds
of testing, DVDs will not be distributed.
In
general, data is collected in a series of sweeps. Slip angle
sweeps--where the slip angle varies from near-zero to a maximum, through
zero to a minimum and back to zero--are used for lateral force data.
Slip ratio sweeps are used for tractive/braking data. Sweeps are
taken at fixed values of inclination angle, inflation pressure, road
velocity and normal load. A collection of sweeps at different values
of these set points composes the test matrix.
Tests
are conducted on Calspan's flat-belt tire test machine using 120 grit
belt paper and a velocity of 25 mph. Static and Dynamic (rolling)
spring rate tests are run in conjunction with the lateral force
tests. New in Round 5 are longitudinal force tests on 10 inch
tires—Calspan altered their test machine to achieve the smallest
loaded radius values ever seen on TIRF.
Note
that the details of the tests (specific loads, inclination angles, etc.)
are revised in each round of testing, but the spirit of the tests remain
unchanged. Members may send a
representative to witness any future tests in person (interested
parties please contact Dr. Kasprzak for details). Video of
some testing is available.
TEST OUTPUT
Data was
collected at 10-20Hz. Output channels include:
- Elapsed Time
- Road Velocity
- Slip Angle
- Inclination Angle
- Slip Ratio
- Normal Load
- Lateral Force
- Longitudinal Force
- Aligning Torque
- Overturning Moment
- Loaded Radius
- Effective Radius
- Wheel RPM
- Tire Pressure
- Tire Surface Temperature (3 locations on the tread)
- Ambient Temperature
- Road Surface Temperature
Data is provided
in both USCS and SI units. Data
is provided in both ASCII (spreadsheet ready) and Matlab formats.
Models of the data or modeling tools donated by various users may be posted
on the secure forum—they are not provided by the FSAE TTC.
USE
OF THE DATA – FSAE TTC LICENSE AGREEMENT
Consortium
members are free to use this data in the design and construction of
their FSAE entries, other school projects and related academic activities.
Any publication or
presentation of the tire data must acknowledge Calspan and the FSAE
TTC. Individuals and teams are prohibited from
donating or selling the data to any other individual, group, team or
university, or posting it on the internet. Membership is assigned to
the registering school, not an individual or team at that school. Individuals not associated with a
particular school may join the FSAE TTC at the discretion of the
directors. The data may not be
used in any commercial application.
FINANCIAL
DETAILS AND REGISTRATION
Registration
remains open. All registered teams receive data from all
five rounds of testing and any future tests covered by the FSAE TTC.
Registration
involves completion of the Registration Form and
submission of payment to FSAE TTC.
Finances
are overseen by FSAE Design Judge Doug Milliken, who wrote the following:
Hello to FSAE Teams from Doug Milliken:
At the request of Dr. Bob Woods (UTA), Dr. Edward Kasprzak (MRA) and Mr.
Denny Trimble (UW), I have agreed to keep track of funds to support force
and moment tire testing at Calspan. For their part, our good friends
at Calspan's Tire Research Facility have agreed to run the tests at a
special "student" rate.
Please read this entire note carefully before you send any money. If
there are any questions, please send to Dr. Kasprzak and then
watch this space for an update.
I. Ground
Rules
The "FSAE Tire Test Consortium" (FSAE TTC) will
operate as follows:
1. FSAE teams (and any other interested parties) contribute to a
common fund. The contribution amount is currently fixed at US$500.00 .
2. From time to time I will update the account
spreadsheet that lists all the consortium finances. Open with
MS-Excel or the free Open Office
"Calc".
3. When sufficient funds have been collected, Dr. Kasprzak (and
others) will work with Calspan TIRF to test the tires and I will use money
from the fund to pay for the tests and other incidental expenses such as
mailing costs. This should run the bank account down to nearly a zero
balance (but see below).
4. At the completion of the tests, Dr. Kasprzak will make all
the data available to all the contributors. Raw tire data is rare and
quite valuable, I suggest that individual teams nominate one person to keep
the data private and secure (not posted on websites, etc!).
5. Excess funds will be applied to future tire tests. When the
time comes to dissolve the FSAE TTC, remaining funds will be put toward
prizes given at the FSAE Competitions.
II. Joining the FSAE TTC
Payment must accompany registration. Due to problems with
electronic fund transfers I am now only accepting checks / drafts.
The USA banking system does not "play nicely" with other parts of
the world. Problems have
included extra hidden fees (at originating banks and intermediate banks),
incomplete information supplied by my bank, and many other unique and time
consuming problems. For non-USA teams, please read the following
carefully--the check MUST be:
- Drawn on a USA bank (usually this means
that there is a USA bank name and address printed on the check).
- In US Dollars with US banking system
Routing and Account numbers.
An example of these features can be seen here:
https://www.key.com/images/chkimage.gif
Make the check payable to:
Douglas Milliken, c/o FSAE Tire Test Consortium
Include a printout of the FSAE TTC registration form so I can identify your
school and mail (post) to me at:
Doug Milliken
245 Brompton Road
Buffalo, NY 14221
USA
Alternately, Western Union will transfer funds electronically and issue a
check at this end--send to Doug Milliken at the address above. After you initiate the transfer in
USD, email me the exact First and
Last Names of sender and Control Number. You can verify the transfer by
using the Western Union “Track a
Transfer” feature.
Travelex has also been used successfully by teams outside the USA to
generate a USA system check.
If your University requires it, we have prepared a price quote and an invoice (available on
request).
IMPORTANT: To
complete your
registration download and complete the Registration Form.
Submit this form to Dr.
Kasprzak . Your registration information will be included
in the online financial spreadsheet.
III. Contribution by Milliken Research Associates, Inc.
MRA is pleased to donate the following to the FSAE TTC:
1. Handle the finances as described above.
2. Web space. Please watch for progress updates (financial
and technical) and answers to any questions.
3. Nondimensional coefficient models
of the tire data in Matlab, including a small program to expand the
coefficients back into data for plotting or for use in other
analysis. See Race Car Vehicle Dynamics
(and Race Car Vehicle Dynamics: Problems, Answers
and Experiments) Chapter 14 for more details.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks
to Doug Milliken and Milliken Research Associates, Inc. for providing the
space for this webpage.
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