|
QUICK LINKS
INTRODUCTION
The FSAE
Tire Test Consortium (FSAE TTC) is a volunteer-managed organization of
member schools who pool their financial resources to obtain high quality
tire force and moment data targeted for Formula SAE and Formula Student
competitions. The FSAE TTC's
role is to gather funds from registering member schools, organize &
conduct tire force & moment tests and make the data available to
individuals at member schools.
The FSAE
TTC is co-directed and managed by the following volunteers:
- Dr. Edward M. Kasprzak (EMK
Vehicle Dynamics LLC, Milliken Research Associates, and FSAE Design
Judge) -- liaison with Calspan TIRF and MRA, tire test
coordinator, data distribution, secure forum registration
- Douglas Milliken (Milliken Research Associates,
FSAE Design Judge) -- FSAE TTC treasurer, member school registration,
donated this web space
- Dr. Bob Woods (University of Texas Arlington, FSAE
founding member) -- general project consultation, some liaison with
tire companies
Brian
Seater (formerly of Washington State University) developed and maintains a
secure forum for dissemination of the test data and the open discussion of
all things FSAE TTC at http://www.fsaettc.org Individuals at TTC member
schools may request a forum username—instructions are on the opening
page of the above link. From
2009 through June 2016 this forum was hosted by Washington State
University. The FSAE TTC thanks
WSU for their involvement.
Denny
Trimble (University at Washington) was also an FSAE TTC co-founder and
director. The FSAE TTC thanks Denny for his considerable
contributions and wishes him well in his current endeavors.
Additionally,
the FSAE TTC is supported by:
Note: The FSAE TTC is not affiliated with
Milliken Research Associates, Inc. We thank FSAE Design Judge Doug
Milliken for donating this webspace and agreeing to oversee TTC finances.
SUMMARY
Universities
(schools) join the FSAE TTC at a cost of US$500 as per the conditions
below. In return, individuals from member schools are granted access
to all tire data measured by the FSAE TTC via individual usernames at the FSAE
TTC private forum. To date, nine rounds of testing have been
completed and additional tests may follow as time and finances allow.
Tire data
includes tire force/moments and spring rate info as described below, for
more technical detail please see the SAE
paper by Kasprzak and Gentz.
TEST
PROCEDURE
The first
round of testing at Calspan was conducted on 27-29
July 2005. Five constructions were tested:
- Hoosier 20x6-13 R25A
- Hoosier 20x7-13 R25A
- Hoosier 18x6-10 R25A
- Goodyear 20x6.5-13 R065
- Goodyear 20x7-13 R065
The second
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in early February 2006.
Five constructions were tested:
- Goodyear 18x6.5-10
- Hoosier 20.5x7.0-13
- Hoosier 20.5x6.0-13
- Avon 7.2/20.0-13
- Avon 6.2/20.0-13
The third
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in early
August 2007. Four constructions were tested on two or three rim
widths each:
- Michelin 16/53-13 (radial, "B" compound)
- Hoosier 20.5x7-13 R25A
- Hoosier 20x7.5-13 R25A
- Goodyear D2692 20x7-13
The fourth
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in mid-October
2009. Six constructions were tested, each on two different rim
widths:
- Dunlop 175/505R13
- Goodyear 20.0x7.0-13 “D2696”
- Hoosier 20.5x6.0-13 R25B
- Hoosier 20.5x7.0-13 R25B
- Hoosier 20.0x7.5-13 R25B
- Michelin 16/53-13 “Radial X S6B”
The fifth
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in late-February
2012. Five constructions were tested, each on two different rim
widths:
- Continental 205 / 510 R13 M34
- Goodyear D2704 20.0x7.0-13
- Hoosier 20.5 x 7.0 - 13 R25B
- Hoosier 18.0 x 6.0 - 10 R25B
- Hoosier 6.0 / 18.0 - 10 LCO
The sixth
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in early-May
2015. Six constructions were tested, each on two different rim
widths:
- Continental 205/510R13 (4914)
- Hoosier 20.5 x 6.0 13 R25B A2500 (Item 43127)
- Hoosier 20.5 x 7.0 13 R25B A2500 (Item 43163)
- Hoosier 18.0 x 7.5 10 R25B (Item 43105)
- Hoosier 18.0 x 6.0 10 R25B (Item 43101) –
partial retest
- Hoosier 6.0 / 18.0 10 LCO C2000 (Item 41100)
– partial retest
The seventh
round of testing at Calspan was conducted in March 2016.
These tests were a continuation of Round 6 and were funded by the Cooper
Tire & Rubber Company.
Four constructions were tested, each on two different rim widths:
- Avon 7.0/16.0-10
- Avon 6.2/20.0-13
- Avon 7.2/20.0-13
- Avon 8.2/20.0-13
The eighth
round of testing at Calspan took place from July 30-August 1,
2018. The following constructions were tested, each on two different
rim widths:
- Continental 43329, 205/470R-13
- Goodyear D2704, 20.0X7.0 13
- Hoosier 43070, 16.0 x 6.0 - 10, LCO
- Hoosier 43070, 16.0 x 6.0 - 10, R25B
- Hoosier 43075, 16.0 x 7.5 - 10, LCO
- Hoosier 43075, 16.0 x 7.5 - 10, R25B
A ninth
round of testing at Calspan took place from January 17-21, 2022.
The following constructions were tested, each on two different rim widths:
- Goodyear D0571 18 X 6.5 – 10
- Goodyear D2704 20.0 X 7.0 – 13 (Retest from
Round 8)
- Hoosier 43070 16 x 6.0 – 10 R20
- Hoosier 43075 16 x 7.5 – 10 R20
- Hoosier 43100 18 x 6.0 – 10 R20
- Hoosier 43164 20.5 x 7.0 – 13 R20
- MRF 18 x 6.0 – 10 ZTD1
All
testing was performed on rims obtained from Keizer Aluminum Wheels
and Diamond
Racing Wheels.
Testing in
Rounds 4-9 was much more extensive than in the first three rounds of
testing. Rounds 6 and 7 ran
identical test matrices, and Round 8 was nearly identical to Round 6 &
7. The Round 9 test matrices
were identical to Round 8. A
full description of the Round 9 test plan can be found in the guide to the Round 9 data. New in Rounds 6 & 7 were
low-speed transient tests and slip angle/ratio sweeps at multiple
velocities. Camber
(inclination) sweeps were new in Round 8.
FSAE TTC
members can download data from all rounds of testing via the FSAE TTC
secure forum http://www.fsaettc.org.
In
general, data is collected in a series of sweeps. Slip angle
sweeps--where the slip angle varies from near-zero to a maximum, through
zero to a minimum and back to zero--are used for lateral force data.
Slip ratio sweeps are used for tractive/braking data. Sweeps are
taken at fixed values of inclination angle, inflation pressure, road
velocity and normal load. A collection of sweeps at different values
of these set points composes the test matrix.
Tests are
conducted on the Calspan Tire Research Facility flat-belt tire test
machine using 120 grit belt paper and a nominal velocity of 25 mph.
Static and Dynamic (rolling) spring rate tests are run in conjunction with
the lateral force tests.
Note that
the details of the tests (specific loads, inclination angles, etc.)
are revised in each round of testing, but the spirit of the tests
remain unchanged. Members may
send a representative to witness any future tests in person
(interested parties please contact Dr. Kasprzak for
details). Video of some testing is available.
TEST OUTPUT
Data was
collected at 10-100Hz. Output channels include:
- Elapsed Time
- Road Velocity
- Slip Angle
- Inclination Angle
- Slip Ratio
- Normal Load
- Lateral Force
- Longitudinal Force
- Aligning Torque
- Overturning Moment
- Loaded Radius
- Effective Radius
- Wheel RPM
- Tire Pressure
- Tire Surface Temperature (3 locations on the tread)
- Ambient Temperature
- Road Surface Temperature
Data is provided
via the FSAE TTC private forum in both USCS
and SI units. Data is provided
in both ASCII (spreadsheet ready) and Matlab formats. Models of the
data or modeling tools donated by various users may be posted on the
private forum—they are not provided by the FSAE TTC.
USE
OF THE DATA – FSAE TTC LICENSE AGREEMENT
Use of the
FSAE TTC data requires agreement to these terms. In short, individuals at member
schools are free to use this data in the design and construction of
their FSAE entries, other school projects and related academic activities.
Any publication or
presentation of the tire data must acknowledge Calspan Corporation and
the FSAE TTC. Individuals and teams are
prohibited from donating or selling the data to any other individual,
group, team or university, or posting it on the internet.
Membership is assigned to the registering school, not an individual or team
at that school. Individuals not
associated with a particular school may join the FSAE TTC at the discretion
of the directors. The data may
not be used in any commercial application.
FSAE
TTC PRIVACY POLICY
The FSAE
TTC collects contact information for each registered consortium
member. This information will
only be used for TTC-related purposes and will never be shared beyond the
TTC Directors. Username
requests on fsaettc.org require submission of a valid, personal,
university-domain e-mail address (no team domains or company domains). The TTC Directors will occasionally
e-mail you with TTC bulletins.
Your e-mail address will never be shared beyond the TTC Directors. Your e-mail address must be able to
receive TTC e-mails to keep your username active.
FINANCIAL
DETAILS AND MEMBER SCHOOL REGISTRATION
Registration
remains open. Individuals at member schools can access data from
all rounds of testing and any future tests conducted by the FSAE TTC
via individual usernames on the FSAE TTC private forum.
Member
school registration involves completion of the Registration Form and
submission of the registration fee.
To access the data, individuals at a member school may request their
personal username at the FSAE TTC private forum.
Finances
are overseen by FSAE Design Judge Doug Milliken, who wrote the following:
Hello to FSAE/FS Teams from Doug Milliken:
At the request of Dr. Bob Woods (UTA), Dr. Edward Kasprzak (MRA) and Mr.
Denny Trimble (UW), I have agreed to keep track of funds to support force
and moment tire testing at Calspan. For their part, our good friends
at Calspan's Tire Research Facility have agreed
to run the tests at a special "student" rate.
Please read this entire note carefully before you send any money. If
there are any questions, please send to Dr. Kasprzak and then watch this
space for an update.
I. Ground Rules
The
"FSAE Tire Test Consortium" (FSAE TTC) will operate as follows:
1. Schools (and any other interested parties) contribute to a common
fund. The contribution amount is currently fixed at US$500.00.
2. From time to time I will update the account
spreadsheet that lists all the consortium finances. Open with
MS-Excel or the free Open Office
"Calc".
3. When sufficient funds have been collected, Dr. Kasprzak (and
others) will work with Calspan TIRF to test the tires and I will use money
from the fund to pay for the tests and other incidental expenses such as
mailing costs. This should run the bank account down to nearly a zero
balance (but see below).
4. At the completion of the tests, Dr. Kasprzak will make all
the data available to all the contributors. Raw tire data is rare and
quite valuable, I suggest that individual teams nominate one person to keep
the data private and secure (not posted on websites, etc!).
5. Excess funds will be applied to future tire tests. When the
time comes to dissolve the FSAE TTC, remaining funds will be put toward
prizes given at the FSAE Competitions.
II. Joining the FSAE TTC
Payment
must accompany registration. Due to problems with electronic fund
transfers I am only accepting checks / drafts. The USA banking system
does not "play nicely" with other parts of the world. Problems have included extra hidden
fees (at originating banks and intermediate banks), incomplete information
supplied by my bank, and many other unique and time-consuming
problems. For non-USA schools, please read the following
carefully--the check MUST be:
Make
the check payable to:
Douglas Milliken, c/o FSAE Tire Test Consortium
Include a printout of the FSAE TTC registration form so I can identify your
school and mail (post) to me at:
Douglas Milliken
245 Brompton Road
Buffalo, NY 14221
USA
Alternately, Western Union will transfer funds electronically--send to
Douglas Milliken at the address above.
Make the transfer in USD, paying all fees (so TTC receives the full
USD $500). Then email me the exact first and last
(family) names of sender and Control Number. You can verify the transfer by using
the Western Union "Track a
Transfer" feature.
If your University requires it, we have prepared a price quote and an invoice (available on
request).
IMPORTANT: To
complete your
registration download and complete the Registration Form.
Submit this form to Dr. Kasprzak
. Your registration information will be included in
the online financial spreadsheet.
III. Contribution by Milliken Research Associates, Inc.
MRA
is pleased to donate the following to the FSAE TTC:
1. Handle the finances as described above.
2. Web space. Please watch for progress updates (financial
and technical) and answers to any questions.
3. Nondimensional coefficient models
of the tire data, including a small Matlab program to expand the
coefficients back into data for plotting or for use in other analysis, were
supplied for the first few Rounds of test data. Search the FSAE TTC private forum if
interested. Race Car Vehicle Dynamics
(and Race Car Vehicle Dynamics: Problems, Answers
and Experiments) Chapter 14 have additional details.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to
Doug Milliken and Milliken Research Associates, Inc. for providing the
space for this public TTC webpage.
|
